Sulfuric Acid
CAS number:7664-93-9
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Molecular Formula:
H2O4S / H2SO4
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Molecular Weight:
98.08 g/mol
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Brief Introduction:
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a colourless, oily liquid that releases heat when dissolved in water and is highly corrosive to metals and tissues. It causes carbonization when in contact with wood and other organic matter, but does not usually cause fires. Sulfuric acid is widely used in the manufacture of fertilizers, chemical products, petroleum refining, steel production and other fields. High concentrations or long-term low-concentration exposure can have adverse effects on human health, especially through the inhalation of harmful gases. In the environment, sulfuric acid is one of the components of acid rain, which is mainly formed by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide produced by the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels such as coal or oil. In addition, sulfuric acid also plays an important role in the process of new particle formation (NPF), especially in coastal polluted areas, where it can significantly enhance the nucleation of iodic acid (HIO₃) and hypoiodous acid (HIO₂) systems, thereby affecting the marine atmospheric environment. Studies have also shown that certain plant extracts such as Justicia brandegeeana can act as green corrosion inhibitors in sulfuric acid media to protect carbon steel from corrosion.
Inorganic Acids
Sulfuric acid is a type of inorganic acid, as it does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. It's one of the most commonly used inorganic acids.
Mineral Acids
It is also classified as a mineral acid because it is derived from non-living sources (i.e., minerals), and it's often found in its pure form as a liquid at room temperature.
Strong Acids
Sulfuric acid is a strong acid, meaning it dissociates completely in water to produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) and sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻).
Oxidizing Acids
It can act as an oxidizing agent, especially in concentrated form. It can oxidize metals and non-metals and is used in various industrial processes for this purpose.
Acid Catalysts
In some reactions, sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst, particularly in processes like esterification.
Sulfur Compounds
As it contains sulfur, sulfuric acid belongs to the broader category of sulfur compounds. It’s crucial for the production of other sulfur-based chemicals, such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and sulfur trioxide (SO₃).
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