Filter

Filtration is a key process in the chemical industry, separating solids from liquids or gases through porous media to ensure product purity, recover valuable materials, protect equipment, meet environmental regulations, and improve overall process efficiency. Depending on the specific application, there are many different filtration methods, including mechanical methods such as gravity filtration, pressure filtration, vacuum filtration, centrifugal filtration, bag filtration and cartridge filtration; membrane technologies such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis; and special technologies such as adsorption (e.g. activated carbon), ion exchange, magnetic filtration or hot gas filtration. There are many types of filters, from plate and frame, vacuum filtration, filter presses to centrifugal and bag filters, which must be selected based on parameters such as particle size, fluid properties, required purity, pressure and cost. Filters are widely used in the pharmaceutical, water treatment, food and beverage, petrochemical and environmental protection fields, playing a key role in ensuring process reliability and compliance. The industry trend is to increase automation, energy efficiency, modularization and the use of advanced environmentally friendly filter materials.

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Equipment type	Classification method	Features	Application scenario
Intermittent filter	Classification by operation method	Intermittent filter is operated by intermittent feeding, filtering and unloading. After each feeding, the filter needs to stop running to unload, and then feed again and start the filter. This operation method is suitable for occasions with small processing volume or unstable material characteristics.	It is often used in laboratories, small-scale production and occasions with high requirements for separation effects, such as raw material separation in the pharmaceutical industry and cell separation of biological products.
Continuous centrifuge	Classification by operation mode	The continuous filter can filter and discharge while feeding, and the operation process is continuous. This filter has high production efficiency and is suitable for large-scale production.	It is widely used in continuous production processes in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, such as separation of starch and protein in starch production.
Cloth filter	Classification by filter medium	Use filter cloth as the filter medium. The pore size of the filter cloth can be selected according to needs. It is suitable for separating suspensions with larger solid particles. The filter cloth filter has a better filtering effect, but the filter cloth needs to be replaced regularly.	Commonly used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, such as separation of antibiotic fermentation broth in the pharmaceutical industry and separation of solid particles in the chemical industry.
Filter paper filter	Classification by filter medium	Use filter paper as the filter medium. The pore size of the filter paper is small and it is suitable for separating suspensions with smaller solid particles. The filter paper filter has a high filtration accuracy, but the filter paper is easy to clog and needs to be replaced regularly.	It is often used in laboratories, fine chemicals, biological products and other fields, such as cell separation in biological products and solution filtration in laboratories.
Screen filter	Classification by filter medium	Use the screen as the filter medium. The screen has a larger pore size and is suitable for separating suspensions with larger solid particles. The screen filter has a better filtering effect, and the screen can be cleaned and reused.	Commonly used in chemical and food industries, such as juice filtration in the food industry and coarse particle separation in the chemical industry.
Vacuum filter	Classification by filtering method	The vacuum pump generates negative pressure on the other side of the filter medium, allowing the liquid to pass through the filter medium and the solid particles to be retained on the filter medium. The vacuum filter has a good filtering effect and is suitable for processing low-concentration suspensions.	It is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, such as separation of raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry and filtration of juice in the food industry.
Pressure filter	Classification by filtering method	The pressure pump applies pressure on one side of the filter medium, so that the liquid passes through the filter medium, and the solid particles are trapped on the filter medium. The pressure filter has a fast filtering speed and is suitable for processing high-concentration suspensions.	Commonly used in chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental protection and other industries, such as solid particle separation in the chemical industry and sludge dehydration in sewage treatment.
Gravity filter	Classification by filtering method	Relying on the gravity of the liquid itself to pass through the filter medium, solid particles are retained on the filter medium. The gravity filter has a simple structure and is easy to operate, but the filtering speed is slow.	It is suitable for occasions with small processing volume or low requirements for filtering speed, such as solution filtration in laboratories, separation of raw materials in small pharmaceutical companies, etc.
Plate and frame filter	Classification by structural form	It is composed of multiple filter plates and filter frames, with filter cloth installed between the filter plates and the filter frames. The liquid passes through the filter cloth under pressure, and the solid particles are trapped on the filter cloth. The filter area of the plate and frame filter is large and suitable for processing high-concentration suspensions.	It is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, such as separation of antibiotic fermentation liquid in the pharmaceutical industry and separation of solid particles in the chemical industry.
Drum filter	Classification by structural form	The drum surface is equipped with filter cloth or filter screen, and the drum rotates in the liquid. The liquid passes through the filter cloth or filter screen, and the solid particles are trapped on the filter cloth or filter screen. The filtration efficiency of the drum filter is high and it is suitable for continuous operation.	It is often used in the continuous production process of chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, such as juice filtration in the food industry and suspension separation in the chemical industry.
Belt filter	Classification by structural form	Use a continuous filter belt as the filter medium, the filter belt moves in the liquid, the liquid passes through the filter belt, and the solid particles are trapped on the filter belt. The belt filter has a large filtration area and is suitable for treating high-concentration suspensions.	It is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental protection and other industries, such as sludge dehydration in sewage treatment and solid particle separation in the chemical industry.

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