Pump
In the chemical industry, pumps are an indispensable component used to transport a variety of fluids, from raw materials, intermediates to finished products, as well as critical operations such as precise metering, circulation and slurry handling. Pumps are mainly divided into centrifugal pumps for low and medium viscosity liquids and positive displacement pumps (such as gear pumps, diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, piston pumps) for high viscosity or precise metering applications. Special pumps such as magnetic drive pumps can provide leak-free operation for hazardous chemicals, while submersible pumps can draw liquids directly from storage tanks. Material compatibility is crucial, and liners such as stainless steel, Hastelloy, titanium and polytetrafluoroethylene are available to resist corrosion and degradation from a variety of chemicals. Key design considerations include chemical compatibility, temperature and pressure resistance, flow rate, viscosity, and effective sealing mechanisms to prevent leakage, while also complying with strict safety regulations. Reasonable selection based on media characteristics (corrosiveness, viscosity, temperature), process parameters (flow rate, head, pressure) and safety requirements (explosion-proof level, sealing form), as well as regular maintenance, are essential to ensure the safe, efficient and long-term operation of these important equipment.
| Equipment type | Classification method | Features | Application scenario |
| Centrifugal pump | Classification by working principle | The centrifugal force is generated by the rotation of the impeller to transport the liquid from a low place to a high place or from a low-pressure area to a high-pressure area. The centrifugal pump has the characteristics of large flow, simple structure and easy operation. | It is widely used in chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, food and other industries to transport various liquids, such as water, oil, acid, alkali, etc. |
| Positive displacement pump | Classification by working principle | The liquid is transported by changing the volume of the working chamber. The flow rate is relatively stable, but the pressure is high. Positive displacement pumps include reciprocating pumps, gear pumps, screw pumps, etc. | It is used to transport high-viscosity liquids, high-pressure liquids or occasions that require precise measurement. |
| Fluid action pumps | Classified by working principle | Use the kinetic energy or pressure energy of the fluid to transport liquids, such as jet pumps, air lift pumps, etc. | Suitable for transporting liquids containing solid particles or flammable and explosive liquids, because they have no mechanical seals and are safer. |
| Clean water pumps | Classified by transporting media | Used to transport clean water or liquids similar to clean water, with a simple structure and low cost. | Such as urban water supply, fire water, etc. |
| Corrosion-resistant pumps | Classified by conveying medium | Used to convey corrosive liquids such as acids, alkalis, and salts, usually made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel and fluoroplastics. | Such as acid and alkali conveying in the chemical industry, solvent conveying in the pharmaceutical industry, etc. |
| Oil pump | Classified by conveying medium | Used to convey oil liquids, usually with special sealing and lubrication systems to prevent oil leakage. | Such as oil extraction, crude oil transportation in refineries, etc. |
| Sewage pump | Classified by conveying medium | Used to convey sewage containing impurities such as solid particles and fibers, usually with wear-resistant and anti-blocking design. | Such as urban sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, etc. |
| Electric pump | Classified by driving mode | Driven by electric motor, easy to operate, stable operation, is the most common driving mode. | Applicable to most chemical production occasions. |
| Steam pump | Classified by driving mode | Driven by steam, suitable for occasions with steam supply, especially suitable for conveying high viscosity liquids. | Such as oil transportation in chemical production, transportation of high-viscosity materials, etc. |
| Pneumatic pump | Classification by driving method | Driven by compressed air, suitable for flammable and explosive environments, with high safety. | Such as dangerous chemical transportation in chemical production, liquid transportation in the food industry, etc. |
| References | Authors | Abstract | DOI |
| Reliability parameter estimation of mechanical seals for petrochemical pumps | Wei Long, Gu Boqin, Sun Jianjun, Feng Xiu | The failure of mechanical seals for petrochemical pumps is divided into three types: early failure, accidental failure and wear failure, and its failure mode conforms to the Weibull distribution. The Weibull expression of mechanical seal failure mode is given, and the practical method of using moment estimation method, maximum likelihood estimation method and linear regression analysis method to estimate the parameters of mechanical seal reliability data is introduced. The calculation method of mechanical seal reliability and life is proposed. | 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2008.02.007 |
| Study on solid-liquid two-phase flow field inside chemical pump impeller | Liu Dong, Yang Minguan, Li Hui, Wang Chunlin | The internal flow field of the modified chemical pump impeller is measured using advanced flow field testing instrument PIV (particle imaging velocimeter), and image processing software is written to distinguish the solid and liquid phases in the flow field. Through the cross-correlation calculation between the solid and liquid phases, the velocity field of the solid and liquid phases was obtained. The experimental results show that the solid particles have a tendency to move toward the pressure surface, which is consistent with the results of numerical simulation. | CNKI:SUN:SBJS.0.2007-03-005 |
| Analysis of maintenance and technical transformation strategies of chemical pumps | Wang Yanbing | At present, in my country's chemical industry, chemical pumps have been increasingly widely used due to their reliability, high quality, and pollution-free advantages. Moreover, chemical pumps can be organically combined with related chemical equipment, and while successfully completing the task of effectively conveying chemical media, they will not affect the health of operators. However, chemical pumps will also encounter a series of problems in actual operation, requiring necessary maintenance and technical transformation. | CNKI:SUN:FJHG.0.2015-09-042 |
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